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Dai Zhen’s philosophical thinking from the beginning
——Using the “if there is something” in “Mencius’s Words and Meanings” as a thread
Author: Zeng Haijun
Source: Author Author Authorized Confucian Network, Originally published by “Sichuan Big Science News” (Philosophy and Social Science Edition) 2021 Issue 6
Abstract: Dai Zhen’s opposition to “if there is something” not only touches and understands his own differences in understanding, but also touches a series of problems of mind, nature, and emotions, but also makes related understandings extremely different. According to the “Mencius of Mencius’s Characters”, Dai Zhen’s “with emotion and emotion” was no longer able to study things and gain knowledge, and even his integrity was given to him, which made his emotions naturally “unhappy”. He opposed Cheng Zhu’s “never evil in nature” by saying “there is no evil in nature” and insisted on not being good in nature, but being good in nature. He opposed Xunzi’s gifts outside, and he admitted the gifts to humanity and saw the opportunity to rest. During her nap, she had a dream. In fact, it was to maintain Mencius’ inner path, but in fact it collapsed the world of rituals into people’s hearts, and people’s hearts were addicted to blood. As a result, the traditional Confucian theory of mental and spiritual skills was cursed by Dai Zhen, and only blood and lust fell to its point. The so-called reasoning also emptied out the actual content, as if everything was just to prevent “if there was something”.
關鍵詞：“若有物焉”；理；以理殺人；戴震；《孟子字義疏證》
戴震哲學思惟的最光輝之處，一貫被定位于嚴厲批評程朱理學的封建綱常。雖然未必都認同“對當時占統治位置的道學的尖銳而深入的批評”【1】這種評價，但戴震以情言理的原創性，批評程朱理學抽象的品德原則，對人道善的解釋更具實踐性甚至使得傳統儒家思惟接引現代性，等等，仍然是許多學者對戴震思惟的共識。基于特定的時代佈景，對于戴震思惟的哲學史意義和批評性價值不應有疑，但若就哲學思惟自己的深入性、堅固性和完備性而言，戴震對程朱理學的諸多批評，生怕還有不少值得仔細辨析的余地。譬如其最負盛名包養的著作《孟子字義疏證》，無疑能開風氣之先，影響后世的思惟潮水，只是這種意義生怕遠遠年夜于思惟自己所具有的氣力。 After all, some scholars have long pointed out that “their learning is not very in-depth”, and even believed that “Dai Zhen is best known as a master in the examination school, and is far more important than a philosopher who is a philosopher.” [2] The research and discussion based on this idea has not been seen yet.
After reading “Mencius’s Characters and Issues”, I have a particularly deep impression.When Dai Zhen criticized Cheng Zhu’s cognition, he always liked to say “If there is something,” like this. Dai Zhen was the most famous saying of Cheng and Zhu, who recommended “killing people with reason”, and what he said was that “a person died from the law, and there was something to be sad about it; if he died from the truth, who was sad about it”, the reason used was exactly “if there was something.” [3] Dai Zhen believed that taking reason as “if there is something”, it must be strongly influenced by the person’s personality. For example, it is like taking reason as something that is different from a person’s personality. Using such things to strengthen a person’s personality is no different from holding a knife on a person’s neck, which leads to “killing people with reason.” Dai Zhen’s comments on Cheng and Zhu’s science, from the perspective of thinking about history, helped to form a ruthless and tough reactionary abstraction, and opened up the critical form that has been there for 300 years. Although Dai Zhen himself had a lot of sympathy for Cheng and Zhu’s science, he failed to change Cheng and Zhu’s science for a long time and his life was covered in the haze of “killing people with reason”. Dai Zhen was like casting a spell to Cheng and Zhu Lixue, and the key to unlocking this spell is the word “if there is something”. This article uses the “if there is something” in “Mencius’s Characters and Identification” as a thread, and examines Dai Zhen’s philosophical thinking from the beginning and understands the cowardice of his rational theory. The so-called “killing people with reason” may be self-defeating.
1. From the perspective of “killing people with reason”
From the perspective of ideological transmission, the most shocking consequences are the least difficult to spread, and “killing people with reason” is. Because it has both a specific landscape of the times and a sense of pleasure that conveys emotions. However, from the perspective of thinking, one’s own analysis, the proposition of “killing people with reason” is not suitable for basic thinking logic. Dai Zhen said, “People die in the Dharma.” Why do people die in the Dharma? If someone commits a crime of death, the crime is deemed and dies according to the law. Is this what Dai Zhen said, “A person dies in the law”? Obviously not. Those who commit the sin of death shall die, and the law is just a provision for the death. If one dies, one will die. It is certain that it cannot be said that “a man dies in the law”, but dies in his sins, that is, everything that is said is appropriate. If a person has not committed a crime of death and is sentenced to death by the law, he should not have died because of the law. At this time, it is called “a person dies in the law.” Dai Zhen said exactly this, so people are worried. This is true, but it is based on the existence of malicious existence. Not only does the law not be able to extend justice, but it creates new grievances, which is evil. However, there is no such reason for the law. The deceased person also dies. The word “天” is the principle, and it is a good law in accordance with this principle. If I had not died but was killed by the Fa, and since the Fa convicted him of death, why did I know that I should not have died? Because there is another principle above the law, it is not supposed to die in accordance with the principle, but it is not supposed to die as death, so it is different from this principle. Good laws and bad laws depend on reason. Good laws follow the principles and act against evil, and bad laws act against the principles. It can be seen that the standard of reason as law cannot be more good or evil in the same way as the law, and it cannot be interpreted as killing people with evil as if you understand the law. Otherwise, there must be a higher standard above the law, and the truth cannot be guaranteed to be astandard. Reason means goodness, and evil is like saying evil and goodness conflicts with each other. Killing people according to reason must be the one who kills them. People are not dead from reason. If you kill someone who should not be killed, you will not be killed according to reason. You should not kill yourself just because you need to judge according to reason. “Kill someone with reason” is the most basic thing in logic.
Without such a detailed analysis, it is not difficult to see what is wrong with the expression of “killing people with reason”. This is not that Dai Zhen’s ideological logic is not related, but based on the reason for standing up, it is difficult to avoid lacking the intention to be proficient in physical investigation. It is like the “moral strife” commonly said by the ancients. Although it has become a familiar mouth for people, no one has been good at observing it and found the problem. Many people think there is nothing wrong with it because they have long since lost their moral character. If no one recognizes it, wait for someone to take it. “How good is it; morality is that, it is impossible to defeat people without any harm. A person who cares about morality, after careful observation and thinking, can definitely realize that saying “moral crusade” is like saying “truth fraud”, and the meaning is most basic to say “deserve good fortune.” The meaning of fraud is to fool people with hypotheses and eliminate the ability of truth in logic. The meaning of strife is to force people with unethical methods and eliminate the ability of morality in logic. It is not suitable for thinking and logic to deceive people by speaking the truth or to deceive people with moral character. The same is true for “killing people with reason”. Although there is a saying in life that “right reason and evil saying” and that “right reason” can definitely harm the dead, “right reason” is not “reason”. If the right reason and evil saying harm the dead, it cannot be regarded as a situation of “官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网网官网网官网网网站”. To reason yourself includes the meaning of being right, and if you are not right, you will definitely be wrong. Dai Zhen actually understood very well that the so-called “killing people with reason” was just wrong to reason about the opinions. According to his words, it is said that “it is regarded as the truth by the mind. Therefore, it is imperative to its spirit, and then the position is brought to its mouth, and the reason is extended; the strength is weak and the mouth cannot overcome the Tao and the reason is wrong.” As the saying goes, it is the emphasis on the reason. Taking opinions and reasoning is just a demerit. Baosheng Sweetheart Network is called killing people with opinions. It has nothing to do with reason, and
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